The use of NSAIDs has been increasingly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. While the risk of cardiovascular events may increase with the number of NSAIDs, there is no consensus that ibuprofen and naproxen can reduce cardiovascular risk. Therefore, it is important to determine whether additional risk factors for cardiovascular events are present and to identify additional risk factors.
To determine whether ibuprofen and naproxen can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease.
This is a prospective observational study using data from the Danish Heart Registry. The Danish Heart Registry is a special government database maintained by the Danish Heart Association and a primary care physician's office.
The results of this study showed an association between ibuprofen and naproxen, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. The combination of ibuprofen and naproxen was not associated with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events, but was associated with an increase in the risk of heart attack. The risk of cardiovascular events was not different in patients taking the combination of ibuprofen and naproxen. Patients taking the combination of ibuprofen and naproxen had an increased incidence of heart attack in the heart failure population (adjusted relative risk 2.09).
The combination of ibuprofen and naproxen may be protective against cardiovascular events, but the risk is increased in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Citation:Buchanan M, Gorman D, van der Heijden H (2011) The risk of cardiovascular events in patients taking ibuprofen and naproxen. PLoS ONE 9(9): e8663973. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.00886639
Editor:Robert S. Möller, Max-Meyer-Sehnes University Hospital, Germany
Received:May 3, 2011;Accepted:March 11, 2011;Published:April 11, 2011
Copyright:© 2011 Buchanan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding:This research was supported by the European Research Foundation (grant number - 1128.01.08). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ASD, age-related macular degeneration; BPD, cardiovascular disease; BUN, bodyweight; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DMF, cardiovascular disease; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI, parenteral anti-inflammatories; TIA, transient ischemic attack; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TSH, triiodothyronine; WHO Group I: WHO group I: T1-T4; WHO Group II: T3-T4; WHO Group III: T4-T8; WHO Group IV: T8-T9; WHO Group V: T11-T12; WHO Group VI: T13-T14; WHO Group VII: T15-T16; WHO Group VIII: T17-T18; WHO Group IX: T19-T20
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk for cardiovascular events may be reduced with the use of NSAIDs, and may be increased with the use of T2DM. In a population with normal baseline risk for CVD, the risk of heart attack has been reported to be 3 times greater among patients with CVD who take NSAIDs. The risk may also be reduced with the use of other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®, Aleve®) and naproxen (Aleve®).
NSAIDs have been associated with increased cardiovascular events in a wide range of patients and in studies in the literature. However, the evidence for their cardiovascular effects is less well-established.
Owing to the growing use of ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®, Advil®) and its combination with acetaminophen (Tylenol®) and to a lesser extent acetylsalicylic acid (Amlodipine®), the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of ibuprofen have been steadily increasing. The use of ibuprofen has also increased the number of patients who may be affected by gastrointestinal side effects, such as stomach ulcers, or hypersensitivity reactions. As a result, many physicians have begun to recognize the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of ibuprofen. For patients in whom gastrointestinal side effects, such as gastric ulcers and perforation of the stomach, are the most prominent, the use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen has also increased in the past few years. For these patients, the combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen can provide effective relief and reduce the risk of stomach and gastrointestinal ulcers associated with NSAID use. In addition, some patients who take aspirin or other NSAIDs can benefit from the reduction in stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal problems. The use of aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen can help relieve pain associated with gastric and intestinal ulcers, reduce the frequency and severity of gastric ulcers, and reduce the risk of developing stomach ulcers associated with NSAID use. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin may be associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and gastrointestinal perforation, and may be more effective in reducing the risk of developing ulcer formation, ulcer-related complications, and bleeding related to NSAID use. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin should also be avoided in patients who are taking corticosteroids. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin also has a positive effect on gastrointestinal healing and healing time, but the beneficial effects on healing and healing time are not yet known. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin is effective in reducing pain and providing pain relief and promoting healing when taken for more than 1 year. However, the use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen and acetaminophen is not recommended for these patients. For these patients, the combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen may be a suitable alternative. The combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen has a high cost. It is recommended that patients be advised to use acetaminophen (acetaminophen) only in case of stomach ulcers and the risk of ulcer formation in their stomach. However, the combination of acetaminophen and NSAIDs should be avoided in patients with stomach ulcers who are taking NSAIDs like ibuprofen and acetaminophen. The combination of acetaminophen and NSAIDs is not recommended for patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, or who are taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. In patients with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or an ulcer, NSAIDs like ibuprofen and acetaminophen may be used to provide additional pain relief. The combination of acetaminophen and NSAIDs is not recommended for patients with a history of ulcers or other serious gastrointestinal problems. The combination of acetaminophen and NSAIDs may also be used to provide symptomatic relief when symptoms of these conditions present. The combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is not recommended for patients who have not had ulcers or ulcers-related complications. The combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is not recommended for patients who are taking NSAIDs such as aspirin, and naproxen. The combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen should be avoided in patients who are taking corticosteroids. However, the combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen can be used to provide symptomatic relief when symptoms of these conditions present. The combination of acetaminophen and NSAIDs may be used in patients with a history of peptic ulcers, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or an ulcer, who are taking corticosteroids. The combination of acetaminophen and NSAIDs may also be used in patients who are taking aspirin, as the combination may be less likely to cause peptic ulcers or other gastrointestinal problems. The combination of acetaminophen and NSAIDs may be used to provide symptomatic relief when symptoms of these conditions present. NSAIDs are indicated for the short-term treatment of symptoms associated with NSAID use. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin may be used in patients with a history of peptic ulcers, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or an ulcer, who are taking corticosteroids. The combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen may also be used in patients who are taking aspirin or other NSAIDs.
If you're an avid reader, you probably know that the common side effects of both drugs are similar. These can include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bloating, and diarrhea. However, some of the more severe side effects associated with either drug may include an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, or other heart problems.
In this article, we'll explore the differences between ibuprofen and ibuprofen plus, how these medications can interact to help reduce these side effects, and the benefits of combining these medications.
It's important to note that both ibuprofen and ibuprofen plus are effective medications, and the two medications share many of the same side effects.
Here are the common side effects of both ibuprofen and ibuprofen plus:
Nausea occurs when your stomach aches or pain begins. Nausea can cause discomfort and a feeling of fullness. The pain can sometimes be severe, and if you feel you're not fully recovered, you may be prescribed a stronger pain reliever like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).
Nausea or vomiting can be a sign of a heart problem, such as a heart attack or stroke. It can also be a sign of an underlying cause of your blood clots (such as high blood pressure, heart disease, or high cholesterol).
Abdominal pain, often referred to as “nausea,” is when you feel pain in your stomach, back, or other parts of your body. If you have one or more of these symptoms, it may be a sign of a blood clot (a type of clotting disorder).
Abdominal pain can be a sign of a heart problem (such as a heart attack or stroke), stroke (coronary artery disease), or blood clot (a type of blood clot disease).
Abdominal stomach upset can be a sign of a heart problem (such as a heart attack or stroke).
Upset stomach acid can cause a sudden loss of stomach contents or irritation to the esophagus (the mouth). It can also cause a new stomach or esophageal ulcer (damage to the stomach lining).
is considered a relatively short-term treatment option for many patients. However, some people take ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and may be more likely to take a combination medication, such as ibuprofen plus.
Pain is a common side effect of both ibuprofen and ibuprofen plus. It can be especially troublesome for some people, especially those with liver issues. In those with kidney disease, pain relief may be more suitable for individuals taking ibuprofen plus.
In general, blood pressure and heart conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure) are common side effects of ibuprofen and ibuprofen plus. These conditions can cause significant discomfort for some people, especially those taking ibuprofen plus.
Alcohol is a major component of the diet for some people, especially those with liver issues or other health conditions. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice may help to reduce the amount of alcohol in your body, which may decrease side effects like stomach upset. However, it's important to note that combining medications with alcohol can worsen the side effects of the drugs.
It's important to know the dosage and frequency of both medications to minimize the risk of side effects. The usual recommended dose is 500-1,000 mg, taken twice daily.
Combining these medications with Ibuprofen or ibuprofen plus can be an effective way to manage your pain.
Ibuprofen is a pain reliever that relieves the pain and fever caused by the conditions that it is used to treat. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which works by reducing the amount of inflammation in the body. This drug has been used for over 40 years, as well as many other pain-relief medications and other NSAIDs.
When taken by mouth, ibuprofen can reduce inflammation and the body’s natural response to pain. It can also help to reduce pain and fever by reducing the amount of pain and inflammation it causes. Ibuprofen is used to relieve pain and fever caused by conditions such as,,,, and.
The following information should not be used for self-treatment of fever, pain, or other health-related problems.
If you are using a pain reliever or fever reducer, ask your doctor or pharmacist how to reduce your dose or how much you should take. Do not take more than directed. Taking more than directed may have negative effects on your health.
If you have used a pain reliever for a long time, or if you have fever that is caused by, or other injuries, ask your doctor or pharmacist if you can take ibuprofen with you.
Ibuprofen can be used to treat or lessen pain caused by:
Ibuprofen can also be used to treat pain and fever caused by:
If you are taking other NSAIDs, talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of using ibuprofen.
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